/*This file is part of the FEBio source code and is licensed under the MIT license
listed below.

See Copyright-FEBio.txt for details.

Copyright (c) 2019 University of Utah, The Trustees of Columbia University in 
the City of New York, and others.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.*/


#include "stdafx.h"
#include <math.h>

#ifdef MAX
#undef MAX
#endif

#define MAX(a, b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))

#define n 3

static double hypot2(double x, double y) {
  return sqrt(x*x+y*y);
}

// Symmetric Householder reduction to tridiagonal form.

static void tred2(double V[n][n], double d[n], double e[n]) {

//  This is derived from the Algol procedures tred2 by
//  Bowdler, Martin, Reinsch, and Wilkinson, Handbook for
//  Auto. Comp., Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
//  Fortran subroutine in EISPACK.

  for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
    d[j] = V[n-1][j];
  }

  // Householder reduction to tridiagonal form.

  for (int i = n-1; i > 0; i--) {

    // Scale to avoid under/overflow.

    double scale = 0.0;
    double h = 0.0;
    for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
      scale = scale + fabs(d[k]);
    }
    if (scale == 0.0) {
      e[i] = d[i-1];
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        d[j] = V[i-1][j];
        V[i][j] = 0.0;
        V[j][i] = 0.0;
      }
    } else {

      // Generate Householder vector.

      for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
        d[k] /= scale;
        h += d[k] * d[k];
      }
      double f = d[i-1];
      double g = sqrt(h);
      if (f > 0) {
        g = -g;
      }
      e[i] = scale * g;
      h = h - f * g;
      d[i-1] = f - g;
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        e[j] = 0.0;
      }

      // Apply similarity transformation to remaining columns.

      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        f = d[j];
        V[j][i] = f;
        g = e[j] + V[j][j] * f;
        for (int k = j+1; k <= i-1; k++) {
          g += V[k][j] * d[k];
          e[k] += V[k][j] * f;
        }
        e[j] = g;
      }
      f = 0.0;
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        e[j] /= h;
        f += e[j] * d[j];
      }
      double hh = f / (h + h);
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        e[j] -= hh * d[j];
      }
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
        f = d[j];
        g = e[j];
        for (int k = j; k <= i-1; k++) {
          V[k][j] -= (f * e[k] + g * d[k]);
        }
        d[j] = V[i-1][j];
        V[i][j] = 0.0;
      }
    }
    d[i] = h;
  }

  // Accumulate transformations.

  for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
    V[n-1][i] = V[i][i];
    V[i][i] = 1.0;
    double h = d[i+1];
    if (h != 0.0) {
      for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
        d[k] = V[k][i+1] / h;
      }
      for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
        double g = 0.0;
        for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
          g += V[k][i+1] * V[k][j];
        }
        for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
          V[k][j] -= g * d[k];
        }
      }
    }
    for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
      V[k][i+1] = 0.0;
    }
  }
  for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
    d[j] = V[n-1][j];
    V[n-1][j] = 0.0;
  }
  V[n-1][n-1] = 1.0;
  e[0] = 0.0;
} 

// Symmetric tridiagonal QL algorithm.

static void tql2(double V[n][n], double d[n], double e[n]) {

//  This is derived from the Algol procedures tql2, by
//  Bowdler, Martin, Reinsch, and Wilkinson, Handbook for
//  Auto. Comp., Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
//  Fortran subroutine in EISPACK.

  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
    e[i-1] = e[i];
  }
  e[n-1] = 0.0;

  double f = 0.0;
  double tst1 = 0.0;
  double eps = pow(2.0,-52.0);
  for (int l = 0; l < n; l++) {

    // Find small subdiagonal element

    tst1 = MAX(tst1,fabs(d[l]) + fabs(e[l]));
    int m = l;
    while (m < n) {
      if (fabs(e[m]) <= eps*tst1) {
        break;
      }
      m++;
    }

    // If m == l, d[l] is an eigenvalue,
    // otherwise, iterate.

    if (m > l) {
      int iter = 0;
      do {
        iter = iter + 1;  // (Could check iteration count here.)

        // Compute implicit shift

        double g = d[l];
        double p = (d[l+1] - g) / (2.0 * e[l]);
        double r = hypot2(p,1.0);
        if (p < 0) {
          r = -r;
        }
        d[l] = e[l] / (p + r);
        d[l+1] = e[l] * (p + r);
        double dl1 = d[l+1];
        double h = g - d[l];
        for (int i = l+2; i < n; i++) {
          d[i] -= h;
        }
        f = f + h;

        // Implicit QL transformation.

        p = d[m];
        double c = 1.0;
        double c2 = c;
        double c3 = c;
        double el1 = e[l+1];
        double s = 0.0;
        double s2 = 0.0;
        for (int i = m-1; i >= l; i--) {
          c3 = c2;
          c2 = c;
          s2 = s;
          g = c * e[i];
          h = c * p;
          r = hypot2(p,e[i]);
          e[i+1] = s * r;
          s = e[i] / r;
          c = p / r;
          p = c * d[i] - s * g;
          d[i+1] = h + s * (c * g + s * d[i]);

          // Accumulate transformation.

          for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
            h = V[k][i+1];
            V[k][i+1] = s * V[k][i] + c * h;
            V[k][i] = c * V[k][i] - s * h;
          }
        }
        p = -s * s2 * c3 * el1 * e[l] / dl1;
        e[l] = s * p;
        d[l] = c * p;

        // Check for convergence.

      } while (fabs(e[l]) > eps*tst1);
    }
    d[l] = d[l] + f;
    e[l] = 0.0;
  }
  
  // Sort eigenvalues and corresponding vectors.

  for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
    int k = i;
    double p = d[i];
    for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) {
      if (d[j] < p) {
        k = j;
        p = d[j];
      }
    }
    if (k != i) {
      d[k] = d[i];
      d[i] = p;
      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
        p = V[j][i];
        V[j][i] = V[j][k];
        V[j][k] = p;
      }
    }
  }
}

void eigen_decomposition(double A[n][n], double V[n][n], double d[n]) {
  double e[n];
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      V[i][j] = A[i][j];
    }
  }
  tred2(V, d, e);
  tql2(V, d, e);
}
